ABSTRACT
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths， and standard treatments for lung cancer， including surgery， radiotherapy， chemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy， have shown significant clinical effects. However， current available treatment strategies are still unable to cure the disease. Since the majority of lung cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage， surgical options are often lost， and the primary approach is typically a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However， the adverse reactions associated with these treatments limit their effectiveness and application， and the damage caused to normal tissues is often more severe than that inflicted on the tumor. Currently， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been used as part of combination therapy for cancer treatment due to its unique system of syndrome differentiation， flexible compatibility， and safety and efficacy. TCM prescriptions and single drugs with multiple components and targets can simultaneously regulate multiple pathways. As reported， among numerous pathways involved in the regulation of lung cancer， the nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway plays a key role in inducing cell transcription and is one of the main pathways involved in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. It can specifically regulate inflammatory responses， cell proliferation， apoptosis， invasion and metastasis， angiogenesis， and multidrug resistance in lung cancer. TCM prescriptions and single drugs can inhibit lung cancer cell proliferation， invasion， and metastasis， induce apoptosis and autophagy in lung cancer cells， suppress angiogenesis， regulate immune function， and treat multidrug resistance by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore， they play a role in intervening in lung cancer. However， there is currently a lack of systematic literature research that comprehensively summarizes and elucidates these aspects in China and abroad. Therefore， it is important to provide a systematic elucidation of the mechanism underlying the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in lung cancer and review TCM interventions in lung cancer based on the NF-κB signaling pathway. This study is expected to provide references for the clinical application of lung cancer therapeutic drugs and the development of new drugs.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To assess the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the eleven-item Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS-11)in Chinese adolescents,calculate its optimal cut-off value and the sensi-tivity and specificity,and explore the possibility of providing a useful tool to assess the severity of adolescent de-pressive symptoms.Methods:Totally 3180 students aged 11 -17 years were selected from schools in 6 provinces and Shanghai.All of them were asked to complete the KADS-11 and Children Depression Inventory (CDI). Students whose CDI scores were above 19 (including 19)were diagnosed with the DSM-IV criteria of depressive disorder,73 students from Shanghai sample were assessed with KADS-11 and CDI to analyze the test-retest reliabil-ity 1 month later.Results:Exploratory factor analysis showed that KADS-11 had 2 factors,and confirmatory factor analysis tested proved the 2-factor model fit better than the one-factor model.The KADS-11 total scores were posi-tively correlated with CDI total scores (r =0.74,P <0.01 ),and the KADS-11 scores were higher in depressive group than those in non-depressive group.The mean area under the curve (AUC)of KADS-11was 0.94,the mean area under the curve of each item ranged from 0.7 to 0.9.The optimal cut-off point of KADS-11 was total score≥9,sensitivity and specificity were 89% and 90% respectively.The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the KADS-11 was 0.84,the spilt-half reliability coefficient was 0.71 (P <0.01),and the test-retest coefficient was 0.77 (P <0.01).Conclusion:The KADS-11 is appropriate for Chinese adolescents because of its good validity,reliability and diagnosis accuracy,it could be used to assess depressive symptoms for adolescents.